• Eggs are laid in spring on host plants.
• Larvae hatch within a week and pass through four instars, feeding heavily on leaves.
• Pupation occurs in the soil, after which new adults emerge to continue feeding and reproduction.
• Overwintering: Adults burrow into the soil to survive winter, emerging the following spring.

Flea beetles cause serious damage both above and below ground. Adults feed on leaves, leaving numerous small round holes known as “shot-holing,” which reduces photosynthesis and slows plant growth. Seedlings and young plants are particularly vulnerable, as even light infestations can stunt development or kill emerging crops. Larvae feed on roots and underground stems, weakening plants further and reducing their ability to take up water and nutrients. Severe infestations can lead to poor crop establishment, reduced vigor, and significant yield losses in cruciferous vegetables and oilseed crops.

• Monitor crops regularly, especially young seedlings in spring.
• Use row covers or trap crops to reduce early feeding pressure.
• Rotate crops to reduce overwintering populations.
• Maintain healthy soils to support biological control agents.

The most effective and sustainable way to control flea beetle larvae is by applying beneficial nematodes to the soil. These natural organisms actively search for larvae, penetrate them, and release symbiotic bacteria that kill the host. After reproduction inside the larvae, new nematodes are released into the soil, continuing the control cycle.

Koppert offers several nematode products proven effective against flea beetle larvae:

• Casea (Steinernema feltiae): Highly effective against soil-dwelling flea beetle larvae, active at moderate soil temperatures.
• Capyphor (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora): Targets larvae deeper in the root zone, providing broad-spectrum scarab and beetle control.

For best results:

• Apply nematodes when flea beetle larvae are present in the soil (spring and early summer).
• Ensure soil is moist before, during, and after application to support nematode activity.
• Apply in the evening or under cloudy conditions to avoid UV light damage.

With correct timing and application, Casea and Capyphor provide a safe, natural, and effective solution to reduce flea beetle pressure and protect cruciferous and vegetable crops.